Inch-Ounce to Grams of TNT
in-oz
gTNT
Conversion History
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Quick Reference Table (Inch-Ounce to Grams of TNT)
| Inch-Ounce (in-oz) | Grams of TNT (gTNT) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000168775138963338 |
| 10 | 0.00001687751389633375 |
| 20 | 0.00003375502779266751 |
| 40 | 0.00006751005558533502 |
| 80 | 0.00013502011117067004 |
| 100 | 0.00016877513896333755 |
| 160 | 0.00027004022234134008 |
About Inch-Ounce (in-oz)
The inch-ounce (in·oz) is a unit of very small torque equal to approximately 0.007062 joules — 1/16 of an inch-pound. It is used for servo motor torque ratings in model aircraft and small robotics, miniature instrument spring tensions, and the adjustment of precision optical and scientific instruments. Where inch-pounds are too coarse for the application, inch-ounces provide a finer unit without switching to SI.
A small servo motor for a model aircraft may be rated at 40–80 in·oz of torque. A clock escapement spring tension is typically a few in·oz.
About Grams of TNT (gTNT)
The gram of TNT (gTNT) is a unit of explosive energy equal to exactly 4,184 joules — the energy released by detonating one gram of trinitrotoluene. By convention, this is a defined unit; real TNT yields vary by about ±2% depending on formulation. It is used to characterize small explosive charges, improvised explosive devices, and the energy of chemical reactions involving explosives. One gram of TNT releases roughly the same energy as one dietary kilocalorie (thermochemical).
A standard firecracker releases energy equivalent to about 0.5–1 g of TNT. A hand grenade contains the explosive equivalent of roughly 60–90 g of TNT.
Inch-Ounce – Frequently Asked Questions
What are inch-ounces used for in hobby servos and RC models?
RC servo motors are rated by torque in inch-ounces (or oz·in) because the forces involved are tiny. A standard micro servo produces 40–60 in·oz, which is enough to deflect a model aircraft aileron. High-torque digital servos for 1/10-scale RC cars reach 200–400 in·oz. The inch-ounce scale gives hobbyists whole-number specs that are easy to compare.
Why do high-end RC servos specify torque at different voltages (4.8V vs 6V)?
Servo motors produce more torque at higher voltage because the motor windings draw more current and generate a stronger magnetic field. A servo rated at 60 in·oz at 4.8 V might deliver 75 in·oz at 6 V — a 25% boost. RC pilots choose voltage based on the tradeoff: 6 V gives snappier response and more holding torque for aerobatics, but draws more current and generates more heat, reducing servo lifespan. Competition flyers often run 7.4 V for maximum performance, accepting shorter gear life.
Why use inch-ounces instead of newton-meters for small torque values?
Inch-ounces give convenient whole numbers for very small torques where newton-meters would be awkward decimals (e.g., 50 in·oz ≈ 0.353 N·m). The RC hobby, miniature clockwork, and precision instrument industries in the US developed around imperial units, and the convention persists even as SI gains ground. Many datasheets now list both units side by side.
What torque in inch-ounces does a clock or watch mechanism require?
A mechanical wristwatch mainspring delivers roughly 2–5 in·oz of torque. Larger mantel clocks may have mainspring torques of 10–30 in·oz. Escapement adjustments are even finer, sometimes below 1 in·oz. Horologists use inch-ounces (or gram-centimeters) because these scales match the delicate forces in timekeeping mechanisms.
How does inch-ounce torque relate to servo motor performance in robotics?
A servo's inch-ounce rating tells you the maximum force it can exert at one inch from the output shaft. A 100 in·oz servo can hold 100 ounces (6.25 lb) at 1 inch, or 50 ounces at 2 inches. Robotics designers use this to size servos for joint loads — a small robotic arm lifting 1 lb at 4 inches needs at least 64 in·oz, plus a safety margin of 50% or more.
Grams of TNT – Frequently Asked Questions
How much energy does one gram of TNT actually release?
By convention, exactly 4,184 joules — the same as one thermochemical kilocalorie. Real TNT detonation yields vary by about ±2% depending on purity and confinement, but the defined value provides a fixed reference point. This makes the gram of TNT a convenient bridge between chemistry (calories) and explosive engineering.
Why is TNT used as the standard reference for explosive energy?
TNT (trinitrotoluene) became the reference explosive because it is chemically stable, safe to handle, and was massively produced during both World Wars. Its consistent detonation properties made it a natural benchmark. Other explosives are rated by their "TNT equivalent" — for example, C-4 is about 1.34× TNT and ANFO is about 0.74× TNT.
How many grams of TNT equivalent does a firecracker contain?
A standard US consumer firecracker contains about 0.5–1 gram of TNT equivalent in flash powder. An M-80 (now illegal for consumer sale) contained roughly 3 g of TNT equivalent. Cherry bombs were about 1.5 g. Commercially sold fireworks are regulated by the CPSC to contain no more than 50 mg of flash powder per report charge.
What is the TNT equivalent of a hand grenade?
A US M67 fragmentation grenade contains about 180 g of Composition B explosive, which has a TNT equivalence of about 1.33×, giving roughly 240 grams of TNT equivalent. The lethal radius is about 5 meters, with a casualty-producing radius of 15 meters. The fragmentation — not the blast energy alone — is the primary wounding mechanism.
How does the gram of TNT relate to the calorie?
One gram of TNT releases exactly 1 thermochemical kilocalorie (1 kcal = 4,184 J) by definition. This means a dietary Calorie (nutritional kcal) contains the same energy as detonating one gram of TNT. A 2,000-Calorie daily diet is energetically equivalent to 2 kg of TNT — though your body releases that energy over 24 hours, not in microseconds.